RESUMO
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an intracellular bacterium leading to several complications in humans. M. pneumoniae is cleared in some cases and induces complications in others. The main responsible mechanisms regarding the controversy are yet to be cleared. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the important cell membrane and intracellular receptors which recognize a wide range of microbial macromolecules. The roles of TLRs in the eradication of several pathogens and also induction of their related complications have been demonstrated. This review article presents recent data about the roles of TLRs in the induction of immune responses which lead to M. pneumoniae eradication and related complications
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/imunologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/imunologia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/imunologiaRESUMO
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an intracellular bacterium leading to several complications in humans. M. pneumoniae is cleared in some cases and induces complications in others. The main responsible mechanisms regarding the controversy are yet to be cleared. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the important cell membrane and intracellular receptors which recognize a wide range of microbial macromolecules. The roles of TLRs in the eradication of several pathogens and also induction of their related complications have been demonstrated. This review article presents recent data about the roles of TLRs in the induction of immune responses which lead to M. pneumoniae eradication and related complications.
Assuntos
Mycoplasma pneumoniae/imunologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/imunologia , HumanosRESUMO
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) converts L-glutamate to g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a non-protein amino acid present in all organisms with some activities including improvement of neurve and cytoskeltal functions. Therefore, GAD is considered as a key molecule to use in molecular therapy of genetical human diseases. Accordingly, cloning of GADs from various plants is an important aim of researchers. The aim of this study was to clone rice (Oryza sativa L.) GADs in Escherichia coli (E.coli) MC 1061 bacterium.In this study, rice GADs was cloned in E.coli in both 37°C and 28°C. Two concentrations of Isopropyl-ß-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) (0.5mM and 1mM) were investigated in TB medium. Purification was done with Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) resin in various concentration of imidasol. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, rice GADs was cloned and expressed successfully in E.coli MC 1061 bacterium and the most expression was done in 37°C and 0.5mM IPTG and the best concentration of imidasol was 100mM for purification step. Based on the results, rice GADs can be expressed in E.coli MC 1061 bacterium and, hence, it is a suitable way to produce the plant enzyme in industrial scales.
Assuntos
Clonagem Molecular/métodos , Escherichia coli/genética , Glutamato Descarboxilase/genética , Oryza/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Expressão Gênica , Glutamato Descarboxilase/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Transformação GenéticaRESUMO
Polyomavirus BK is an important risk factor for nephropathy and renal lose after kidney transplantation. CXCL9 is a key immunoregulatory molecule which participates in stimulation and migration of immune cells to the infected sites. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of CXCL9 mRNA and serum levels in the infected polyomavirus BK infected renal transplant patients with and without nephropathy compared with healthy controls. This cross sectional study was performed on three studied groups including: polyomavirus BK infected vs. non-infected renal transplant patients with nephropathy and healthy controls. The mRNA and serum levels of CXCL9 were evaluated on the studied patient and control samples using an in-house comparative real time PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. The mRNA expression and serum levels of CXCL9 were both increased in polyomavirus BK infected compared with non-infected renal transplant patients and also in comparing with healthy controls. This upregulation was significant in the serum level in polyomavirus BK infected vs. non-infected patients and also in comparing with controls. According to these results, polyomavirus BK can induce renal complications via stimulation of inflammatory biomarkers like chemokine. Confirmation of the increasing of the expression and production of CXCL9 as a pro-inflammatory chemokine in renal transplanted polyomavirus BK infected patients with nephropathy need to confirm in further completed studies with longer follow-up.
